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Milgram Basics | Important
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Milgram published many journal articles
and several books. Here are his two most important books. You should
be able to find them in most university libraries. These are still
in print and, therefore, can be purchased. They are both in paperback.
Stanley Milgram (1983). Obedience to Authority: An Experimental
View. New York: Harper/Collins.
This is a very readable account of his obedience
experiments, his explanation of his findings, and some of the controversy
that surrounded them. Its literary merits received recognition by
being nominated for a National Book Award. Also, it has had a worldwide
audience-it has been translated into 11 languages: French, German,
Japanese, Indonesian, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Dutch, Danish,
Italian and, ironically, Serbo-Croatian.
Stanley Milgram (1992) (edited by John Sabini and Maury Silver).
The Individual in a Social World: Essays and Experiments. Second
Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
This is a collection of most of Milgram's
writings which first appeared in various magazines and journals.
It is the definitive source for learning about the variety and wide
scope of his innovative ideas.
Milgram's very first account of the findings
of his obedience studies appeared in the following article. Although
the article appeared in a professional journal, it is remarkably
jargon-free and very readable-a hallmark of all of Milgram's writings:
Stanley Milgram (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal
of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 67, pp. 371-378.
An overview and analysis of all of Milgram's
research (not just on obedience to authority), as well as the most
complete bibliography of his writings, can be found in the following
chapter:
Thomas Blass (1992). The social psychology of Stanley Milgram. In
M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,
Vol. 25. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 277-328.
Both of these can be found in most university
libraries.
Although Milgram conducted his obedience
research in 1961-1962, it continues to inspire valuable research
and analysis. I recently edited a book which demonstrates the vibrancy
of that research by presenting some of its most important contemporary
uses and applications. Among the chapters is one written by Milgram's
widow, Alexandra Milgram. Three of the chapters are by former students
of Milgram. There is also a state-of-the-art chapter by Zimbardo
and colleagues about his famous prison simulation. T he book is:
Blass, T. (Ed.) (2000). Obedience to authority: Current perspectives
on the Milgram paradigm. Published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
You can see the complete Table of Contents
and also order the book at the publisher's website, www.erlbaum.com.
Dr. Blass's Milgram-related
Publications:
Blass, T. (1991). Understanding behavior
in the Milgram obedience experiment: The role of personality, situations,
and their interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
60, 398-413. (Reprinted in: Lesko, W. A. (1994). Readings in
social psychology: General, classic, and contemporary selections,
2nd ed. NY: Allyn & Bacon.
Blass, T. (1992). The social psychology
of Stanley Milgram. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental
social psychology, Vol. 25, pp. 277-329. San Diego, CA:
Academic Press.
Blass, T. (1993). Psychological perspectives
on the perpetrators of the Holocaust: The role of situational pressures,
personal dispositions, and their interactions. Holocaust and
Genocide Studies, 7, 30-50.
Blass, T. (1993). Review of "The roots of
evil: The origins of genocide and other group violence," by Ervin
Staub. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 7, 276-280.
Blass, T. (1994). Stanley Milgram (1933-1984).
In R. Corsini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology, Second edition.
New York: Wiley.
Blass, T. (1995). Right-Wing Authoritarianism
and role as predictors of attributions about obedience to authority.
Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 99-100.
Krackow, A., & Blass, T. (1995). When nurses
obey or defy inappropriate physician orders: Attributional differences.
Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 10, 585-594.
Blass, T. (1996). Stanley Milgram: A life
of inventiveness and controversy. In G. Kimble, A. Boneau, & M.
Wertheimer (Eds.), Portraits of pioneers in psychology, Vol.
2. Washington, D.C. and Hillsdale, NJ: American Psychological
Association and Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Blass, T. (1996). Experimental invention
and controversy: The life and work of Stanley Milgram. The General
Psychologist, 32, 47-55. [This is a somewhat longer version
of the previous reference.]
Blass, T. (1996). The Milgram obedience
experiment: Support for a cognitive view of defensive attribution.
Journal of Social Psychology, 136, 407-410.
Blass, T. (1996). Attribution of responsibility
and trust in Milgram's obedience experiment. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 26, 1529-1535.
Blass, T. (1998). Stanley Milgram and his
obedience experiments. Clio's Psyche, 4, 109-112.
(Invited article)
Blass, T. (1998). The roots of Milgram's
obedience experiments and their relevance to the Holocaust. Analyse
& Kritik, 20, 46-53. (Invited article)
Blass, T. (1999). Stanley Milgram. In J.
A. Garraty (Ed.), American National Biography. Cary, NC:
Oxford University Press and American Council of Learned Societies.
(Invited article)
Blass, T. (1999). The Milgram paradigm after
35 years: Some things we now know about obedience to authority.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 955-978.
Blass, T. (Ed.), (2000). Obedience to
authority: Current perspectives on the Milgram paradigm. Mahwah,
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Blass, T. (2000). Stanley Milgram (1933-1984).
Encyclopedia of Psychology. American Psychological Association.
(Invited article)
Blass, T. (2000). Invited response to review of "Obedience to authority: Current perspectives on the Milgram paradigm." British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 624-25.
Blass, T. & Schmitt, C. (2001). The
nature of perceived authority in the Milgram paradigm: Two replications.
Current Psychology, 20, 115-121. (Invited submission)
Blass, T. (2001, Spring). Stanley Milgram and leadership. Effect, pp. 7-8.
Blass, T. (2002). Social psychological
perspectives on obedience. International Encyclopedia of the
Social and Behavioral Sciences. (Invited article)
Blass, T. (2002). Perpetrator behavior
as destructive obedience: An evaluation of Stanley Milgram's perspective,
the most influential social-psychological approach to the Holocaust.
In L. Newman & R. Erber (Eds.). Understanding genocide: The social psychology of the Holocaust.
Oxford University Press. (Invited chapter)
Blass, T. (2002, March/April). The man who shocked the world. Psychology Today, pp. 68-74.
Blass, T. (2004). The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and
Legacy of Stanley Milgram. New York, NY: Basic Books.
[ Site Overview | Stanley
Milgram Basics | Important
References ]
[ Milgram's Films | Little
Known Facts about Milgram | About
Dr. Thomas Blass ]
[ Memorable Milgram Quotes | Question
of the Month ]
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